EV Fleet TCO Calculator vs Thermal Vehicles - Total Cost of Ownership | Federico Calò
Compare the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) of an electric vehicle fleet (EV) versus a thermal vehicle fleet (ICE) over a 1-10 year horizon. Insert CAPEX, consumption, maintenance, state incentives, and residual value to calculate the breakeven point for EV vs thermal vehicles and the overall savings for your company's fleet.
The TCO calculation is the fundamental tool for fleet managers who must decide whether and when to electrify their company's fleet. Unlike just the purchase price, TCO includes all costs in the vehicle's lifecycle: energy/carbons, routine and extraordinary maintenance, incentives from DL 77/2022, and estimated residual value at the end of the period. This free calculator follows the MIMS 2023 guidelines and uses ARERA/MIMIT 2024 average prices as default values - freely personalizable for your business reality.
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Practical example
Scenario: flotta di 10 veicoli, 5 anni, 30.000 km/anno per veicolo. EV a 40.000 EUR (incentivi 4.000 EUR totali, 18 kWh/100km, energia 0,25 EUR/kWh, manutenzione 800 EUR/anno) vs termica a 30.000 EUR (6 L/100km, gasolio 1,80 EUR/L, manutenzione 1.500 EUR/anno). Risultato: il TCO EV risulta sensibilmente inferiore su 5 anni grazie al minor costo di carburante (EV: 67.500 EUR vs ICE: 162.000 EUR) e manutenzione (EV: 40.000 EUR vs ICE: 75.000 EUR), compensando ampiamente il maggior CAPEX iniziale.
Vocabulary Dictionary
- Total Cost of Ownership
- Total Ownership Cost: The sum of all costs associated with an asset throughout its useful life, including purchase, maintenance, and disposal.
- Capital Expenditure
- Capital Expenditure: Initial Purchase Cost of Vehicle.
- Operating Expenses
- Operating Expenses: recurring operational costs (energy, fuel, maintenance) incurred during the possession period.
- Break-Even Point
- Year when cumulative TCO of the EV fleet falls below that of the thermal fleet: from then on, the EV is more convenient.
- Residual Value
- Estimated vehicle value at end of analysis period. Reduces total TCO: A higher residual value lowers the net possession cost.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the TCO of a fleet?
Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) is the total cost of owning a fleet over time. It includes the initial purchase price (CAPEX), annual operational costs (energy/fuel + maintenance), minus government incentives and estimated residual value at the end of the period. It's the standard tool for comparing electric and thermal fleets on a multi-year horizon.
Does it really make sense to switch to an all-electric fleet?
Depends on specific fleet parameters. Generally, EV fleets with high annual mileage (>25,000 km/vehicle), access to state incentives and favorable energy prices reach breakeven within 3-5 years. Fleets with low usage or no incentives may require longer horizons. This calculator shows you the breakeven point for your real data.
What state incentives can I consider for my electric fleets?
In Italy, EV company fleets can access MIMS incentives (up to €4,000 per vehicle for new BEV purchases with scrappage, DL 77/2022), plus regional benefits and long-term leasing with reduced fringe benefit (D.Lgs 314/1997 updated 2025). Always check the latest limits on mims.gov.it before relying on amounts.
How is the vehicle's residual value calculated?
Residual value estimates the vehicle's market value at the end of analysis. This calculator uses reference rates (EV 30%, thermal 25% of purchase price at 5 years - source: used car market IT, data from Quattroruote/ALD automotive 2024). Real values depend on brand, model, mileage and market conditions: consider the data as indicative for planning.
How is it used?
- Insert fleet data
Specify the number of vehicles and time horizon of analysis (1-10 years). Insert prices for electric vehicle and thermal purchase.
- Configure energy consumption and costs
Insert the vehicle's electric consumption (kWh/100km) and thermal consumption (L/100km), annual mileage, electricity and fuel prices (average ARERA/MIMIT 2024 values).
- Add maintenance and incentives
Insert annual vehicle maintenance costs (EV and thermal) and available state incentives for your fleet (DL 77/2022, MIMS 2023).
- Analyze TCO and break-even
Calculator calculates total cost of ownership (TCO) for both fleets in the selected period and indicates the break-even year for EV vs thermal, overall savings, and cost per km.
Do you need a custom analysis?
This tool is free and informative. For in-depth analysis with AI on-prem - private data, zero cloud - contact Federico.