Corporate Carbon Footprint Calculator GHG Scope 1-2-3
Calculate company greenhouse gas emissions in tCO2e according to GHG Protocol: Scope 1 (fuels), Scope 2 (electricity, Terna 0.233 kgCO2/kWh), Scope 3 (business travel). Free tool for ESG and CSRD.
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Frequently Asked Questions
What are the GHG Protocol Scopes 1, 2 and 3?
GHG Protocol (WBCSD/WRI) classifies company emissions into three categories: Scope 1 are direct emissions from owned or controlled sources (boilers, vehicles fleet, production processes); Scope 2 are indirect emissions from energy purchases (electricity, heat, steam); Scope 3 are all other indirect emissions in the value chain (suppliers, logistics, business travel, sold products, end-of-life).
What is the CSRD and what does it mean by ESRS E1 reporting?
Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD, Dir. 2022/2464/UE, in effect for large enterprises from 2024 and quoted SMEs from 2026) requires companies to report sustainability information according to the European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS). ESRS E1 addresses climate change and requires disclosure of GHG emissions for Scope 1, 2, and 3 with ISO 14064-1 or GHG Protocol methodology verified by an accredited auditor.
What is CO2e and how does it differ from standard CO2?
Carbon dioxide equivalent (tonne of CO2 equivalent) is the universal unit of measurement for greenhouse gas emissions that converts all gases (CO2, CH4, N2O, HFC, PFC, SF6) into equivalent CO2 based on their Global Warming Potential (GWP) at 100 years (AR6 IPCC). For fossil fuel combustion primarily used CO2; for agricultural or industrial activities CH4 (GWP 27.9) and N2O (GWP 273) come into play.
Why is the network's electric emission factor in Italy 0.233 kgCO2/kWh?
Carbon factor of 0.233 kgCO₂/kWh is a proxy for 2024 based on Terna data for Italy's grid, which includes the national energy mix (natural gas, renewables, imports, French nuclear). Official value updated annually by Terna and GSE; trend decreasing due to increased renewable sources. This calculator uses the 2024 proxy (MEDIUM confidence).
Is this calculator valid for a CSRD/ESRS report?
No. This tool is for illustrative and informative purposes only. For CSRD/ESRS E1 reporting, GHG emissions must be calculated using ISO 14064-1 or verified third-party GHG Protocol methodologies (limited or reasonable assurance). Emission factors must be tracked with primary source certified data. Consult an ESG consulting firm or a certified auditor for official reporting.
How can we reduce our company's carbon footprint?
Main reduction measures are: (1) energy efficiency of installations (reduces Scope 1 and 2); (2) electrification of processes and transportation (reduces Scope 1, may increase Scope 2 but improves balance with renewable mix); (3) purchase of renewable energy certificates (RE100, GO/GO) that eliminates Scope 2 emissions; (4) supply chain optimization (Scope 3); (5) remaining emissions compensation through VCS/Gold Standard carbon credits.
How is it used?
- Insert carbon consumption Scope 1
Direct emissions 1: indicates the type of fuel used (diesel, methane, petrol, LPG, kerosene) and annual consumption in kg. Includes boilers, company vehicles, generators.
- Insert Carbon Credits
Indirect energy emissions are the annual electricity consumption in kWh: indicates the emission factor of Italy's electrical grid at 0.233 kgCO2/kWh (TERNA 2024 proxy).
- Insert data Scope 3
Scope 3 includes emissions in the value chain: tracks business travel miles. The used factor is 0.18 kgCO2/km (average, GHG Protocol). A full Scope 3 analysis (suppliers, commuting, products) requires professional assessment.
- Interpret results in CO2 equivalent emissions
Results are in tons of CO2 equivalent (tCO2e). The sum of the three scopes provides the preliminary total carbon footprint. Typical PMI Italian values: 50–500 tCO2e/year. For CSRD/ESRS E1 reporting, third-party verification is required.
Carbon Footprint Company: GHG Protocol and Scope 1, 2, 3
Corporate carbon footprint is the measure of greenhouse gas emissions directly or indirectly generated by an organization over a year. The global reference standard is the GHG Protocol Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard (WBCSD/WRI, 2004), adopted by more than 9,000 companies worldwide and basis for ESRS E1 standards for CSRD.
Classification in Scope allows for identification of emissions sources and reduction measures. Scope 1 represents direct emissions - combustion of fuel in industrial boilers, fleet vehicles, and production processes. Scope 2 are indirect emissions resulting from the purchase of electricity or heat: Italy's emission factor per kWh (TERNA 2024) is approximately 0.233 kgCO₂/kWh (decreasing due to renewable energy). Scope 3 includes all other emissions in the value chain, often the largest voice (60–80% for service-based companies).
Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD, Dir. 2022/2464/UE) has made mandatory the disclosure of GHG emissions for Italian large enterprises starting from 2024 (balance sheet 2025), for quoted SMEs from 2026. The report must follow European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS), particularly ESRS E1 on climate change, with assurance by an accredited auditor. This calculator provides un-certified preliminary analysis.
Factors used in this tool are classified as CONFIDENTIAL MEDIUM: fuel combustion factors from ISPRA and DEFRA, Italian network factor from Terna 2024 proxy, business travel factor from GHG Protocol. Updated annually: for formal reporting, use the most up-to-date official factors with source tracking.
All calculations occur in the browser: no data is sent to external servers. The estimate is for informational and advisory purposes only. For CSRD reporting, compliance with ISO 14064-1 and SBTi analyses require involvement of an ESG certified consultant.
Practical example: Manufacturing PMI with 50 employees
- Scope 1: diesel for heating and vehicle fleet - 3,000 kg/year x 2.64 kg CO2/kg = 7,920 kg CO2 = 7.92 t CO2e
- Scope 2: 120,000 kWh/year x 0.233 kgCO2/kWh = 28,960 kgCO2 ≈ 28.96 tCO2e
- Business travel emissions per year: 9,000 kg CO2e
- Total GHG emissions = 7.92 + 27.96 + 9.00 = 44.88 tCO2e/year
Vocabulary Dictionary
- Carbon dioxide equivalent tonnage
- Universal unit of measurement for greenhouse gases that converts all GHGs into equivalent CO2 using the Global Warming Potential at 100 years (GWP100 IPCC AR6), allowing for comparison and summation of emissions from different gases.
- Greenhouse Gas Protocol
- International standard for corporate greenhouse gas accounting, developed by WBCSD and WRI. Defines the three emission scopes, calculation methodologies, emission factors, and boundary setting rules. It is the basis of the ESRS E1 standard for Corporate Sustainability Reporting (CSRR).
- Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive
- EU Directive 2022/2464 requiring large enterprises and SMEs to report on sustainability information (including GHG emissions) according to the ESG Reporting Standards, with auditor assurance. Applies to large enterprises from 2024 (reporting 2025), for quoted SMEs from 2026.
- Scopes 1, 2, and 3
- Classification GHG Protocol: Scope 1 = direct emissions (own source combustion); Scope 2 = indirect emissions from purchased energy (electricity, heat); Scope 3 = all other indirect emissions in the value chain (suppliers, logistics, commuting employees, sold products, end-of-life).
- Emission Factor (EF)
- Carbon conversion factor that converts an activity (e.g., liters of gasoline burned, kWh of electricity consumed) into GHG emissions. Factors are published by national agencies (e.g., ISPRA in Italy, DEFRA in the UK) and updated annually. The quality and timeliness of factors is critical for the accuracy of the GHG inventory.
- Science-Based Targets initiative.
- Initiative (CDP, UN Global Compact, WRI, WWF) that helps companies set emission reduction targets aligned with Paris Agreement climate targets (1.5°C or 2°C). SBTi targets are verified by third parties and published in the Corporate Action Registry.
Do you need a custom analysis?
This tool is free and informative. For in-depth analysis with AI on-prem - private data, zero cloud - contact Federico.