Business Rules - Tourism Domain

Business rules define the explicit constraints and behavioural policies that govern operations in the Tourism domain. Each rule is identified by a BR-NNN code for traceability.

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BR-001 - Booking Date Validation

Category: Data integrity Scope: Booking entity, StayPeriod value object

A Booking can only be created with valid dates:

Check-in date must be on or after the current calendar date

Check-out date must be strictly after the check-in date (minimum 1 night - INV-001)

The maximum advance booking window may be defined by the operator (typical range: 365–730 days ahead)

Violation: The system rejects the Booking request and returns a validation error specifying the invalid field. Traceable invariant: INV-001

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BR-002 - Destination and Attraction Carrying Capacity

Category: Sustainability constraint Scope: Destination, Attraction, booking availability

A Tourist Destination and each of its Attractions have a defined maximum carrying capacity (physical and/or ecological). When the number of simultaneous visitors reaches the threshold:

No new bookings or access passes may be issued for that time slot

The booking system closes that slot automatically

The DMO/Tourism Entity is notified to activate a visitor flow management protocol

Alternative destinations or adjacent time slots are proposed to the Tourist

Regulatory basis: UNWTO sustainable tourism principles; GSTC destination criteria. Traceable invariant: INV-002

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BR-003 - Cancellation Policy and Penalties

Category: Contractual constraint Scope: Booking lifecycle, CancellationPolicy value object

The cancellation penalty depends on the rate type:

FLEXIBLE rate: Free cancellation up to the number of hours defined in freeDeadlineHours; partial or full penalty after that threshold

NON_REFUNDABLE rate: 100% penalty immediately upon confirmation; no refund under any circumstance

EARLY_BOOKING rate: Penalty defined contractually (typically 50–100% of the total stay)

Payment-window expiry (PAYMENT_PENDING state): the Booking is automatically cancelled if payment is not received within the defined window.

Regulatory basis: EU Directive 2015/2302 (Package Travel), which provides for exceptions in cases of unavoidable and extraordinary circumstances (natural disasters, pandemics, documented force majeure). Traceable events: BookingCancelled, NoShowRecorded

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BR-004 - Accommodation Structure Classification

Category: Regulatory compliance Scope: AccommodationStructure entity

Each Accommodation Structure must declare a valid classification type: hotel, agriturismo, B&B, hostel, resort, or other. Hotel-type structures must display a star rating assigned by the competent regional authority.

Stars are assigned based on objective minimum requirements (surface area, services, facilities) defined by regional decree
The star rating may not be self-declared; it requires official certification
Structures operating without a valid classification are not eligible to appear in the booking system

Regulatory basis: Italian Framework Law on Tourism n. 135/2001; regional implementation decrees.

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BR-005 - Itinerary Completeness before Publication

Category: Product quality gate Scope: Itinerary entity, Itinerary lifecycle

An Itinerary may not transition from DRAFT to PUBLISHED state unless:

Every night of the itinerary has an associated confirmed Accommodation Structure (INV-003)

Each planned tourist service (guided tour, transport leg, activity) has a confirmed supplier

The Itinerary price is set and includes all mandatory components as required by EU Directive 2015/2302

Violation: Transition to PUBLISHED is blocked; the operator is notified of which stages are incomplete. Traceable invariant: INV-003

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BR-006 - Tour Guide Territorial Authorisation

Category: Professional regulatory compliance Scope: TouristGuide actor, guided visit services

A Tourist Guide may only lead visitors in the territories for which they hold a valid regional authorisation. The authorisation:

Is non-transferable

Must be renewed according to the requirements of the issuing region

Does not automatically extend to adjacent regions or UNESCO sites unless explicitly included

A Tour Operator may not assign a guide to a destination for which the guide is not authorised.

Regulatory basis: Italian Framework Law on Tourism n. 135/2001.

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BR-007 - Tour Operator Anti-insolvency Insurance

Category: Consumer protection - mandatory Scope: TourOperator actor, Package Tourism

Any Tour Operator that sells Package Tourism products (as defined under EU Directive 2015/2302) must maintain mandatory anti-insolvency insurance or a bond. This guarantees:

Repatriation of Tourists if the operator becomes insolvent during a trip

Reimbursement of advance payments for cancelled packages

Violation: The operator may not legally sell packages without this coverage. Regulatory basis: EU Directive 2015/2302, transposed in Italy by Legislative Decree n. 62/2018.

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BR-008 - Agriturismo Agricultural Prevalence

Category: Regulatory compliance - specialised accommodation Scope: AccommodationStructure with type=agriturismo

An agriturismo (farm tourism) accommodation is a specialised type of AccommodationStructure. Its fundamental constraint is that the agricultural activity of the farm must remain the primary activity by revenue. Specifically:

Tourism revenue must not exceed agricultural revenue on an annual basis

The accommodation activity must be carried out by the agricultural entrepreneur using their own farm buildings, land, and resources

If the tourism revenue exceeds the agricultural revenue, a non-compliance alert is generated

Regulatory basis: Italian Law n. 96/2006 (Framework for Agriturismo).