16 - Build Tools: Maven and Gradle

Build Tools: Maven and Gradle

Build tools automate compilation, testing, packaging, and deployment. Maven and Gradle are the most used in the Java ecosystem.

Related deep dive: 17 - Java nel Mondo Reale.

Related deep dive: 18 - Preparazione Framework Enterprise.

Maven

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>my-app</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.0</version>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>21</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>21</maven.compiler.target>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit-jupiter</artifactId>
            <version>5.10.0</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.11.0</version>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

Gradle

plugins {
    id 'java'
    id 'application'
}

group = 'com.example'
version = '1.0.0'

java {
    toolchain {
        languageVersion = JavaLanguageVersion.of(21)
    }
}

repositories {
    mavenCentral()
}

dependencies {
    implementation 'com.google.guava:guava:32.1.2-jre'

    testImplementation 'org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter:5.10.0'
    testRuntimeOnly 'org.junit.platform:junit-platform-launcher'
}

application {
    mainClass = 'com.example.Main'
}

tasks.named('test') {
    useJUnitPlatform()
}

plugins {
    java
    application
}

group = "com.example"
version = "1.0.0"

java {
    toolchain {
        languageVersion.set(JavaLanguageVersion.of(21))
    }
}

repositories {
    mavenCentral()
}

dependencies {
    implementation("com.google.guava:guava:32.1.2-jre")
    testImplementation("org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter:5.10.0")
}

tasks.test {
    useJUnitPlatform()
}

application {
    mainClass.set("com.example.Main")
}

Maven vs Gradle Comparison

# Maven
mvn clean install           # Full build
mvn test                    # Tests only
mvn dependency:tree         # Dependency tree
mvn package -DskipTests     # Package without tests

# Gradle
gradle build               # Full build
gradle test                # Tests only
gradle dependencies        # List dependencies
gradle build -x test       # Build without tests
gradle tasks               # List available tasks